{ "schema_version": "1.0", "schema_url": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/api/schema.json#bitcoin", "dataset_version": "2026-09-16.a1300e7b4421", "sha256": "a1300e7b4421616f1a0fc383a52b3df4ef0130811df36620ef43ccaf875f4149", "sha256_scope": [ "/definition", "/claims" ], "sha256_serialization": "RFC 8785 JSON Canonicalization Scheme (JCS) over an object containing only the top-level response members named by sha256_scope; UTF-8", "id": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/api/bitcoin.json", "name": "Bitcoin reference record", "alternate_name": "ビットコイン基準情報", "canonical_human_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en" }, "authoritative_locale": "ja", "languages": [ "ja", "en" ], "first_published": "2026-09-04", "last_updated": "2026-09-16", "last_verified": "2026-09-04", "definition": { "ja": "ビットコイン（Bitcoin）は、中央の決済事業者を必須とせず、利用者同士がつながるピアツーピア方式で、インターネット上の価値のやり取りを支える電子決済システムです。取引とブロックを確かめるフルノードは、公開された共通ルールに照らして取引履歴をそれぞれ検証できます。BTCはこのネットワークで金額を表す単位です。", "en": "Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system for transferring value over the internet without requiring a central payment operator. Full nodes can independently verify a shared public transaction history against published rules; BTC is the unit used by the network." }, "claim_count": 6, "claims": [ { "id": "meaning", "category": "definition", "label": { "ja": "何を指す言葉か", "en": "What the word means" }, "statement": { "ja": "文脈によって、Bitcoinは通信や取引のルール（プロトコル）、稼働するネットワーク、またはデジタル資産を指します。BTCは金額を表すときに広く使われる単位表記です。", "en": "Depending on context, Bitcoin can mean the protocol, the running network, or the digital asset. BTC is the widely used unit label for amounts." }, "boundary": { "ja": "Bitcoinとブロックチェーンは同じ意味ではありません。電子署名、参加者同士のP2P通信、取引やブロックを検証する共通ルール、Proof of Work、報酬などの参加を促す仕組みを組み合わせた全体がBitcoinです。", "en": "Bitcoin and blockchain are not synonyms. Bitcoin combines signatures, peer-to-peer relay, consensus rules, proof of work, and incentives." }, "evidence": [ { "title": "Satoshi Nakamoto — Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", "url": "https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf", "role": "original_publication" }, { "title": "Bitcoin Developer Guide — Block Chain", "url": "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/block_chain.html", "role": "technical_documentation" } ], "human_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp#bitcoin-reference-meaning", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en#bitcoin-reference-meaning" }, "related_article_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/learn/whitepaper", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en/learn/whitepaper" } }, { "id": "origin", "category": "history", "label": { "ja": "いつ始まったか", "en": "When it began" }, "statement": { "ja": "サトシ・ナカモト名義の白書告知は2008年10月31日、ジェネシスブロックは2009年1月3日、ソフトウェアv0.1の公開告知は2009年1月8日です。", "en": "The whitepaper announcement under the name Satoshi Nakamoto is dated October 31, 2008; the genesis block January 3, 2009; and the Bitcoin v0.1 release announcement January 8, 2009." }, "boundary": { "ja": "「白書の発表」「最初のブロック」「一般向けソフトウェアの告知」は別の出来事です。Bitcoinの開始日は、何を起点とするかを添えて示す必要があります。", "en": "The paper, the first block, and the public software announcement are different events. Any Bitcoin start date should say which milestone it uses." }, "evidence": [ { "title": "Cryptography mailing list — Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (2008-10-31)", "url": "https://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-October/014810.html", "role": "archived_primary_record" }, { "title": "Satoshi Nakamoto Institute archive — Bitcoin v0.1 released (2009-01-08)", "url": "https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/emails/cryptography/16/", "role": "archived_primary_record" }, { "title": "Bitcoin Core v30.0 — mainnet genesis parameters", "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v30.0/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp#L138-L141", "role": "reference_implementation" } ], "human_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp#bitcoin-reference-origin", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en#bitcoin-reference-origin" }, "related_article_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/learn/history", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en/learn/history" } }, { "id": "validation", "category": "mechanism", "label": { "ja": "誰が取引を確かめるか", "en": "Who verifies transactions" }, "statement": { "ja": "マイナーは条件を満たすハッシュを探す計算（Proof of Work）でブロック候補を作り、フルノードはブロックと取引が共通ルールを満たすかをそれぞれ検証します。採用対象は「規則に適合した鎖」のうち、積み重ねた計算の証明が示す作業量（累積作業量）が最大のものです。", "en": "Miners propose blocks backed by proof of work, while full nodes independently check blocks and transactions against consensus rules. Selection is among valid chains, choosing the one with the most cumulative work." }, "boundary": { "ja": "採掘の計算能力（ハッシュレート）の過半数を持っていても、他人の秘密鍵なしに送金したり、ノードが拒否する規則外のBTCを一方的に作ったりはできません。", "en": "A majority of hash rate is not permission to spend without a private key or unilaterally create out-of-rule BTC that validating nodes reject." }, "evidence": [ { "title": "Bitcoin whitepaper — Sections 4 and 5", "url": "https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf#page=3", "role": "original_publication" }, { "title": "Bitcoin Developer Guide — Block Chain and consensus rules", "url": "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/block_chain.html", "role": "technical_documentation" } ], "human_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp#bitcoin-reference-validation", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en#bitcoin-reference-validation" }, "related_article_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/learn/node", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en/learn/node" } }, { "id": "issuance", "category": "monetary-policy", "label": { "ja": "なぜ約2,100万BTCなのか", "en": "Why roughly 21 million BTC" }, "statement": { "ja": "Bitcoin Core v30.0で確認できる共通ルールでは、ブロックごとの新規発行分の報酬は50 BTCから始まり、210,000ブロックごとに整数の右ビットシフト（最小単位で半分にし、端数を切り捨てる計算）で半減します。この規則を最後まで適用した理論上限は20,999,999.9769 BTCです。", "en": "Under the consensus rule visible in Bitcoin Core v30.0, the block subsidy starts at 50 BTC and is halved every 210,000 blocks by an integer right shift. Applying that rule to completion yields a theoretical maximum of 20,999,999.9769 BTC." }, "boundary": { "ja": "上限は自然法則ではなく、参加者が検証する共通ルールです。「数学的に絶対変更不能」ではなく、従来のルールと両立しない変更を行い、それを参加者が採用する必要があるため、変更が極めて難しいという意味です。", "en": "The cap is a consensus rule, not a law of nature. It is not mathematically impossible to alter; doing so would require an incompatible rule change and adoption, which makes it exceptionally difficult." }, "evidence": [ { "title": "Bitcoin Core v30.0 — GetBlockSubsidy", "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v30.0/src/validation.cpp#L1922-L1932", "role": "reference_implementation" }, { "title": "Bitcoin Core v30.0 — mainnet subsidy interval", "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v30.0/src/kernel/chainparams.cpp#L85-L89", "role": "reference_implementation" } ], "human_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp#bitcoin-reference-issuance", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en#bitcoin-reference-issuance" }, "related_article_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/learn/supply", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en/learn/supply" } }, { "id": "privacy", "category": "privacy", "label": { "ja": "匿名なのか", "en": "Whether it is anonymous" }, "statement": { "ja": "Bitcoinの取引履歴は公開されています。実名の代わりにアドレスを使う仕組み（偽名性）ですが、アドレスと個人・事業者が結びつけば、関連する取引を追跡できる場合があります。", "en": "Bitcoin transaction history is public. Addresses do not contain real names by default, so the system is pseudonymous, but related activity can become traceable when an address is linked to a person or service." }, "boundary": { "ja": "アドレスを使い分けることは関連づけを難しくしますが、匿名性を保証しません。取引同士のつながり、金額、時刻、サービス側の記録が手掛かりになります。", "en": "Using fresh addresses can reduce linkability but does not guarantee anonymity; transaction graphs, amounts, timing, and service records can provide clues." }, "evidence": [ { "title": "Bitcoin whitepaper — Section 10, Privacy", "url": "https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf#page=6", "role": "original_publication" }, { "title": "Satoshi Nakamoto — mailing-list discussion of pseudonymity (2008-11-15)", "url": "https://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-November/014860.html", "role": "archived_primary_record" } ], "human_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp#bitcoin-reference-privacy", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en#bitcoin-reference-privacy" }, "related_article_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/learn/privacy", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en/learn/privacy" } }, { "id": "governance", "category": "governance", "label": { "ja": "誰が運営するのか", "en": "Who operates it" }, "statement": { "ja": "Bitcoin全体を所有する単一組織はありません。Bitcoin Coreの開発参加者はソフトウェアを提案・公開し、ノード運用者、マイナー、ウォレット、取引所、利用者は、それぞれ何を採用し運用するかを判断します。", "en": "No single organization owns Bitcoin as a whole. Bitcoin Core contributors propose and publish software, while node operators, miners, wallets, exchanges, and users decide what they adopt and run." }, "boundary": { "ja": "中央管理者がいないことは、周辺のすべてが均等に分散していることを意味しません。共同で採掘するプール、専用機器のASIC製造、取引所、資産を預かる保管サービスなどには、一部の事業者へ集中するリスクがあります。", "en": "The absence of one central operator does not mean every surrounding layer is evenly distributed. Mining pools, ASIC manufacturing, exchanges, and custody can be concentrated." }, "evidence": [ { "title": "Bitcoin Core — project statement (2016-01-07)", "url": "https://bitcoincore.org/en/2016/01/07/statement/", "role": "official_project_statement" }, { "title": "Bitcoin Core source repository", "url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin", "role": "reference_implementation" } ], "human_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp#bitcoin-reference-governance", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en#bitcoin-reference-governance" }, "related_article_urls": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/learn/forks", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en/learn/forks" } } ], "provenance": { "content_role": "Source-linked editorial synthesis; not an original historical or protocol record.", "method": "Each claim is paired with a stated boundary and links to the original publication, archived primary record, reference implementation, or official project documentation that supports it.", "editorial_policy_url": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/editorial-policy", "source_index_url": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/sources", "corrections_url": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/contact", "changelog_url": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/changelog" }, "citation": { "preferred_name": "Bitcoin Library (ビットコイン図書館)", "preferred_machine_url": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/api/bitcoin.json", "canonical_url_by_language": { "ja": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp", "en": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/en" }, "instruction": "Cite the canonical human page for reader-facing attribution. Use each claim evidence URL when the original record is required." }, "reuse": { "terms_url": "https://bitcoin.ne.jp/licenses#content-reuse", "citation_summarization_indexing_rag_and_training_permitted": true, "third_party_evidence_excluded_from_site_reuse_terms": true }, "notice": "Educational information only; not investment, legal, or tax advice." }